High blood pressure is an insidious disease that often goes unnoticed in men and women, young and old. Many begin to pay attention to the increase in pressure when the disease has already completely taken over human health. It is impossible to get rid of high blood pressure, but everyone must learn to control it. To do this, you will need at least two things:
The ability to use a tonometer and a stockpile of knowledge about the signs of increased pressure. Hypertension, whose symptoms will be noticed at an early stage, can be considered half-defeated.
Symptoms What is high blood pressure, what do the tonometer readings look like in this condition?
You can talk about an increase in pressure when the values exceed 140 by 90. At least once in a lifetime, this happens to everyone. The cause of a one-time increase in blood pressure may be the release of adrenaline caused by strong emotional excitement. Emotions can be both negative and positive. But in such a situation, the body itself copes and the pressure normalizes without the action of the medication. Such cases are noted during the day, and in the evening everything returns to normal. But if the pressure rises steadily and does not return to normal by itself, it is already a progressive hypertension, which requires treatment and constant monitoring. There are three main stages in the development of hypertension:
*Early stage with a moderate evolution.
*Intermediate stage with mild symptoms.
*The last or third stage, it is particularly difficult, its complications are life-threatening.
Stage 1 is characterized by a pressure of 140 to 159 upper (systolic) and 90 to 99 lower (diastolic). In this case, the indicators increase periodically but tend to decrease to normal limits without drug participation. Gradually, cases of hypertension manifestations become more frequent. It is almost impossible to notice the first signs of high blood pressure. If there is a slight deterioration in well-being, it is more like a condition with a cold or overexertion. Many people live with high blood pressure for a long time without realizing it, and it is already too late to seek medical attention. Often the only symptom is the very fact of increased pressure. You can only know this by using a special measuring device - a tonometer. After discovering the first symptoms of high blood pressure, a person should regularly measure the pressure and record any increases. For a while, you should monitor your condition and then see a doctor for advice. Don't let things go and wait for things to get worse. Only a doctor can decide if you need treatment or not.
At this point, high blood pressure can be felt, not mistaken for a cold. The most pronounced signs of high blood pressure, in this case, look like this: Headaches of varying intensity. Attacks of nausea. There is a feeling of loss of strength and chronic fatigue. Angina pectoris attacks are possible, manifested by a tight pain in the chest. Poor sleep that does not bring rest, or occasional insomnia. Irritability, mood swings. Ringing in the ears, heaviness in the head. The second stage (moderate, medium) is characterized by a deterioration in the functioning of internal organs. The heart, kidneys and vascular system are the first to be affected, pathological changes in the visual organs are observed and the nervous system suffers.
Influence on internal organs
The heart undergoes an increased load, it must constantly overcome the resistance of the blood vessels to push the blood through them. For this reason, the walls of the left ventricle are deformed, increasing in volume. With violations in the work of the kidneys, proteins and red blood cells appear in the urine. Edema also indicates that the kidneys do not perform their assigned functions. Vessels that constantly suffer from spasms begin to lose their elasticity, and their walls thicken, which makes blood circulation even more difficult and blood pressure increases.
Accumulated tension and contained irritation do not allow a person to relax, and thoughts about the problems do not let go even during sleep. If the pain in the head is accompanied by pain in the eye area, a person instinctively wants to close them to alleviate the condition, and there is also a deterioration of vision, which means that the vessels in the back of the eye have also undergone dystrophic changes. The reason for this is a steady increase in blood pressure. The most difficult stage in the development of the disease is the third. Hypertension takes a form that threatens a person's life. At the same time, the tonometer readings go off the scale: systolic pressure exceeds 180 and diastolic - above 110 mm. rt. Art. The pressure is maintained at a high level almost constantly, in case of a decrease, we can talk about violations of the work of the cardiovascular system. It is recommended to treat hypertensive patients with a severe form of arterial hypertension under the supervision of a doctor. For this purpose, these patients are hospitalized.
What symptoms are possible in this case? A significant increase in pressure can cause irreversible processes in the main organs: kidneys, heart muscle, and brain. This condition is also reflected in the vessels of the eye fundus, causing serious changes. Possible symptoms of third-degree hypertension: arrhythmia; angina; myocardial infarction; heart failure; stroke; partial or complete loss of vision; renal failure; encephalopathy.
Hypertensive crisis A frequent companion of hypertension
diseases of the second and third stages is a hypertensive crisis. In this condition, there is a sudden jump in pressure upwards. It develops rapidly and can last from a few minutes to several hours. It happens at any age, but more often in the elderly. The hypertensive crisis is very dangerous with possible complications. There is a violation of blood flow in the vessels supplying blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the entire body. The kidneys, brain and heart are mainly affected. Changes in these organs cannot always be prevented and stopped, leading to the development of life-threatening diseases: heart failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, kidney failure, and encephalopathy. Assistance in such situations should be provided immediately.
Symptoms of hypertension in crisis
seizures; vomiting; loss of consciousness; loss of vision; grief; heart rhythm violation; feeling of fear and panic; severe shortness of breath; swelling; fever or chills; redness of the skin on the face; loss of feeling in the arms and legs; profuse sweating; trembling in the hands. Separately, you can add a few words about atypical forms of high blood pressure.
If the systolic index is above normal (greater than 140) and the diastolic index is normal or lower (less than 90), this is called isolated systolic hypertension. It is most often seen in the elderly. When the systolic pressure corresponds to one degree and the diastolic pressure falls within the range of another, higher readings are selected and the stage of development of hypertension is determined from them.
Limiting the level of hypertension
There is another name for borderline hypertension - labile. The increase in pressure in this case is unstable, its readings vary from normal to standing on the border with high indicators. There are no irreversible disorders in the labile form of hypertension, and there are usually no symptoms, such an increase in pressure does not affect the state of health, it always normalizes on its own, so there is no need to resort to medication. However, people with borderline hypertension are constantly at risk, at some point, they can develop manifest hypertension. Therefore, pressure control in this situation will not be superfluous. This is especially true for people over the age of 30, as well as those who are overweight or have poor heredity. Borderline hypertension is most often transient, it can be observed in the following cases: during menopause in women; in athletes, with excessive loads; with alcohol intoxication; nervous disorders, in stressful situations; at puberty in adolescence. In case of arterial hypotension, it is called hypotension. Tonometer readings for low blood pressure are 90 to 60 and below. Low blood pressure also causes many problems. A person in this condition experiences weakness, drowsiness, chronic fatigue, dizziness, pale skin, and constantly cold limbs. Hypotonics are usually people with an asthenic physique. The danger of hypotension is poor blood saturation of the whole body and, consequently, a hypotonic crisis (the pulse weakens, breathing becomes difficult, loss of consciousness, and bleeding from the skin and limbs is possible). In such a situation, it is necessary to increase the pressure level as soon as possible, for this, there are special drugs, at home, a cup of strong coffee or tea will help, a contrast shower, a stimulating massage, and various herbal tinctures are effective (eleutherococcus, ginseng, echinacea).
Visual signs of increased pressure
High blood pressure can not only be feltEleutherococcus but also be observed. By what signs can a person judge an increase in pressure in himself or in a loved one? The face becomes red completely or in separate areas. There is an increase in sweating, and the hands become wet and sticky. Swelling is noticeable on the face, eyelids and other parts of the body. The face becomes swollen. Impaired motor coordination. Suddenly rising from a chair or bed, a person looks for support to keep from falling (a sign of sudden weakness or dizziness). You may notice rapid breathing (shortness of breath) even at rest. A person starts to freeze, even when the room is warm. An inadequate and holds reaction to minor stimuli, a person shows anger, discontent, and aggression towards trifles. A person with high blood pressure instinctively clutches his head with his hands (with headaches), tries to close his eyes (pain in the eye area), andholds his hand over his heart. A person cannot do their usual work, and tries to sit or lie down to rest. An alarming signal may be a sudden nosebleed.
When such symptoms appear, it is advisable to measure the pressure to identify or exclude the presence of hypertension.
There are signs by which it is almost unquestionably possible to determine the suspension of pressure, they are most often detected in this condition. They are headache; tinnitus; pulsation in the vessels of the head; dizziness, darkening of the eyes, flashing points in front of the eyes; nausea with headache; swelling; irritation; drowsiness, rapid fatigue; problems with memory and attention; numb limbs; shortness of breath at rest; insomnia; frequent heartbeats. You can consider hypertension as the most common symptom of its manifestation a little more in detail.
Often, it is the headache that most worries the hypertensive patient, forcing him to consult a doctor. The appearance of such a symptom indicates progressive moderate or severe hypertension.
There are pains in the morning or evening. Sometimes they result from physical stress, mental overwork, changes in ambient temperature (reaction to weather conditions), and stressful situations. Headaches may be accompanied by nausea or vomiting, especially if the intracranial pressure increases. This syndrome is explained by the tense state of the vessels, and the compression of the nerve endings located nearby. A headache can be felt in different parts of the head: at the back of the head, frontotemporal part, in the region of the eyeballs, and in the bridge of the nose. Heart pain with hypertension is characterized by its duration and persistence, having appeared once, it can continue without interruption for several hours or days. They are painful and pressing sensations, sometimes transmitted to the hand, which often occur during a night of sleep. The pain may be accompanied by palpitations and shortness of breath. An increase in heart rate is seen with physical overload or emotional excitement.
Neurotic symptoms
First of all, they include insomnia, weakness, irritability. Hypertensive patients are overly emotional, they react painfully to any comments, they do not leave a sense of anxiety, and they can not be distracted from their problems day and night. Often such a person does not show his emotions outside, he accumulates irritations, phobias and nervous tension inside himself. With hypertension, sudden mood changes distracted attention,, and forgetfulness is often observed. In the earliest stage of the disease, people can hardly fall asleep at night, they toss and turn, and can't get rid of the experiences of the past day due to the excessive excitability of the nervous system. If you managed to fall asleep, high-pressure sleep may be short, and often interrupted, anxiety without cause suddenly appears, waking up in the middle of the night. In the morning, a person with high blood pressure can not force themselves out of bed, they wake up lethargic and do not feel rested. Of course, each of these symptoms may well be related to another illness or simply the result of ordinary overwork and lack of sleep. But, after noticing the main characteristic symptoms of hypertension, you should first clarify the situation with the pressure with a tonometer.
Atypical manifestations
Sometimes hypertension manifests itself atypically, it can be difficult to suspect it in the presence of such unusual symptoms, especially for an ordinary person who has no medical training. Atypical symptoms of increased pressure: visual acuity is impaired; kidney problems (frequent urination at night, urine analysis reveals protein, red blood cells, and white blood cells); erectile dysfunction in men; menstrual disorders in women. There can be many reasons why blood pressure may increase, here is a list of the most common ones:
* Hypodynamia. Insufficient exposure to fresh air.
*Sedentary work, especially in front of a computer. Stressful working conditions in the workplace.
*Prolonged depression, strong emotional experiences due to tragic events in a person's life.
*Unhealthy habits: smoking, alcohol, abuse of coffee or strong tea.
*A sudden release of adrenaline caused by excitement, an acute emotional explosion (negative or positive).
*Problems with blood vessels caused by age-related changes.
*Consequences of head trauma or severe hypothermia.
*Hypertension may accompany infectious and viral diseases (e.g., inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, meningitis).
*Hereditary factor in hypertension plays an important role.
*Excessive filling due to various reasons: endocrine disorders, poor metabolism, excessive consumption of sugary, fatty, starchy foods, and low physical activity.
*The presence of chronic diseases (diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis).
*Tendency to consume large amounts of salt.
*High levels of cholesterol in the blood, cause the formation of plaques; they close the lumen in the vascular bed and interfere with the movement of blood flow.
*Hormonal insufficiency caused by menopause in women or puberty in adolescents.
To avoid becoming a victim of hypertension, one must learn to react carefully to any suspicious manifestation of ill health. These may include typical symptoms of high blood pressure. Patients with beginning hypertension should not panic after hearing a doctor's diagnosis. High blood pressure is not a death sentence. With a reasonable attitude toward one's health, good lifestyle planning, and implementation of all physician recommendations, the disease can be controlled.
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